Brad DeLong gets it right why conservatives are afraid of a public plan. And lays it out in economics-ese:
The arguments against a public plan are two:
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It would be able to provide people with better health care more cheaply, and would drive the private-insurance companies out of business, and their executives would lose their jobs and be sad, and their shareholders would lose their money and be sad, and their lobbyists would lose their jobs and be sad, and their tame legislators would lose their campaign contributions and be sad.
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Mankiw's argument that a public plan will inevitably receive large and wasteful federal subsidies no matter what the initial law says.